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Response Cream, 1 oz
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- Description
- Response Cream is designed by female physicians to naturally support a woman?s sexual arousal process.
It specifically supports the process of clitoral and vaginal vasocongestion with amino acids, herbal extracts and essential oils that function in nitric oxide-cGMP smooth muscle relaxation, as precursors for the formation of key neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, as topical vasodilators, and as warming stimulants.
Current models of normal female sexual response define three phases - sexual desire (libido), sexual arousal or excitement, and orgasm.
Desire, arousal and orgasm are complex responses in the female body, and are dependent on hormonal balance, healthy cardiovascular and nervous system function as well as healthy emotions and relationships.
The physiologic changes that occur during sexual arousal in women begin with an increase in length and diameter of the clitoris, and vasocongestion of the clitoris, vagina, vulva, uterus, and possibly, the urethra. This occurs in response to relaxation of the smooth muscle of the clitoris and dilation of the arterial smooth muscle, promoting increased blood flow to the tissues. Lubrication of the vaginal epithelium is also associated with the increased blood flow.(1)
Research suggests that nitric oxide and cGMP mediate the arterial smooth muscle relaxation of the clitoris in the same manner as that found in the male penis.(3, 4) With sexual stimulation, nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine (via nitric oxide synthase) in the nerve and vascular tissue of the clitoris or the penis. Nitric oxide stimulates the release of guanylate cyclase that converts GTP to cGMP. cGMP relaxes the smooth muscles of the corpus cavernosum & arterioles in the clitoral and penile tissues resulting in vasocongestion of these tissues.(2, 3)
WGF Response Cream Ingredients Include:
L-Arginine is the amino acid precursor for nitric oxide formation. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase catalyzes the generation of nitric oxide from L-arginine.(9) Animal studies suggest that L-arginine can promote the nitric oxide- cGMP pathway and the relaxation of both clitoral and penile corpus cavernosum.(3, 10) Human studies suggest improvement of sexual arousal with L-arginine supplementation.(1, 11, 12)
L-Tyrosine is the amino acid precursor for dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine synthesis, important neurotransmitters in the process of sexual arousal.(2, 5)
L-Phenylalanine is the amino acid precursor for tyrosine synthesis.
L-Histadine is the amino acid precursor for histamine synthesis. Histamine is a natural vasodilator, and research suggests that it plays a role in the erectile response of human corpus cavernosum.(13)
Panax Ginseng - one animal study has shown that the ginsenosides from Panax ginseng enhance neurogenic vasodilatation of the corpus cavernosum; and this appears to be mediated by the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells and perivascular nerves.(14, 15) Other studies have shown that the ginsenosides relax pulmonary blood vessels, and that they appear to increase the conversion of L-arginine to nitric oxide.(16, 17)
L-Menthol, a compound found in the volatile oils of the mint family, may help promote vasodilation through smooth muscle relaxation.(18) It is often used in cosmetics for its tingling, stimulating properties. Research has shown it is helpful to promote the absorption of other topical ingredients.(19)
Licorice Extract contains glycyrrhetinic acid, known to inhibit the enzyme 5ß-reductase, important for the metabolism of hormones including testosterone and progesterone.(20) Research suggests that progesterone may be important in the vasocongestion of vaginal tissues.(6) Studies have shown that testosterone increases vaginal vasocongestion as well as increased genital arousal and sensation in women.(7,8) Licorice may help to keep levels of both progesterone and testosterone higher by slowing their metabolism.
Niacin is well known for its ability to cause cutaneous vasodilation- the "niacin skin flush". Topical applications of niacin & esters of nicotinate have been shown to produce local vasodilation of the skin.(21,22)
Ginger Extract is known for its warming effect, as well as its rubefacient effect when applied to the skin. An animal study with ginger demonstrated relaxation of corpus cavernosum with increased cGMP levels.(23) Rosemary Oil is known for its stimulating and rubefacient properties.(245) Rosmarinic acid is well absorbed from the skin and rosemary extract relaxes smooth muscle.(25)
Cinnamon Oil is known for its warming and stimulating effects. It has historically been used as a female sexual stimulant. Cinnamic aldehyde, the principle constituent of cinnamon oil, has been shown to produce cutaneous vasodilation when applied to the skin.(26)
Bergamot Oil is known for its rubefacient effects.
For additional technical and educational information call TFH Women?s Institute 1(800) 888-6041 or visit www.tfhwomensinstitute.com.
THESE statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product and these statements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent a disease.
Selected References:
1. J. R. Berman and I. Goldstein. Female sexual dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am 28 (2):405-416, 2001.
2. C. M. Meston and P. F. Frohlich. The neurobiology of sexual function. Arch Gen.Psychiatry 57 (11):1012-1030, 2000.
3. S. Cellek and S. Moncada. Nitrergic neurotransmission mediates the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic responses in the clitoral corpus cavernosum of the rabbit. Br J Pharmacol. 125 (8):1627-1629, 1998.
4. A. L. Burnett, D. C. Calvin, R. I. Silver, D. S. Peppas, and S. G. Docimo. Immunohistochemical description of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human clitoris. J Urol 158 (1):75-78, 1997.
5. H. Horita, Y. Sato, H. Adachi, N. Suzuki, R. Kato, S. Hisasue, K. Suzuki, and T. Tsukamoto. Effects of levodopa on nocturnal penile tumescence: a preliminary study. J Androl 19 (5):619-624, 1998.
6. J. Al Hijji, B. Larsson, and S. Batra. Nitric oxide synthase in the rabbit uterus and vagina: hormonal regulation and functional significance. Biol.Reprod 62 (5):1387-1392, 2000.
7. A. Tuiten, J. Van Honk, H. Koppeschaar, C. Bernaards, J. Thijssen, and R. Verbaten. Time course of effects of testosterone administration on sexual arousal in women. Arch Gen.Psychiatry 57 (2):149-153, 2000.
8. A. Tutten, E. Laan, G. Panhuysen, W. Everaerd, E. de Haan, H. Koppeschaar, and P. Vroon. Discrepancies between genital responses and subjective sexual function during testosterone substitution in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Psychosom.Med 58 (3):234-241, 1996.
11. J. Cartledge, S. Minhas, and I. Eardley. The role of nitric oxide in penile erection. Expert.Opin.Pharmacother. 2 (1):95-107, 2001.)
12. Ismailoglu U. Burcin, I. Sahin-Erdemli, and M. Ilhan. L-arginine-induced relaxation of the rat isolated penile bulb. Eur.J Pharmacol. 435 (1):113-117, 2002.
13. T. Y. Ito, A. S. Trant, and M. L. Polan. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of ArginMax, a nutritional supplement for enhancement of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther 27 (5):541-549, 2001.
14. J. Chen, Y. Wollman, T. Chernichovsky, A. Iaina, M. Sofer, and H. Matzkin. Effect of oral administration of high-dose nitric oxide donor L-arginine in men with organic erectile dysfunction: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BJU.Int 83 (3):269-273, 1999.
15. A. M. Cara, R. A. Lopes-Martins, E. Antunes, C. R. Nahoum, and G. De Nucci. The role of histamine in human penile erection. Br J Urol 75 (2):220-224, 1995.
16. X. Chen and T. J. Lee. Ginsenosides-induced nitric oxide-mediated relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum. Br J Pharmacol. 115 (1):15-18, 1995.)
17. C. N. Gillis. Panax ginseng pharmacology: a nitric oxide link? Biochem.Pharmacol. 54 (1):1-8, 1997.
18. H. Kim, X. Chen, and C. N. Gillis. Ginsenosides protect pulmonary vascular endothelium against free radical-induced injury. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 189 (2):670-676, 1992.
19. S. W. Han and H. Kim. Ginsenosides stimulate endogenous production of nitric oxide in rat kidney. Int J Biochem.Cell Biol. 28 (5):573-580, 1996.
20. M. Hawthorn, J. Ferrante, E. Luchowski, A. Rutledge, X. Y. Wei, and D. J. Triggle. The actions of peppermint oil and menthol on calcium channel dependent processes in intestinal, neuronal and cardiac preparations. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther 2 (2):101-118, 1988.
21. Y. Morimoto, T. Hayashi, S. Kawabata, T. Seki, and K. Sugibayashi. Effect of l-menthol-ethanol-water system on the systemic absorption of flurbiprofen after repeated topical applications in rabbits. Biol.Pharm Bull. 23 (10):1254-1257, 2000.
22. Y. Tamura, T. Nishikawa, K. Yamada, M. Yamamoto, and A. Kumagai. Effects of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives on delta 4-5 alpha- and 5 beta-reductase in rat liver. Arzneimittelforschung. 29 (4):647-649, 1979.
23. S. Smesny, S. Riemann, S. Riehemann, M. E. Bellemann, and H. Sauer. [Quantitative measurement of induced skin reddening using optical reflection spectroscopy?methodology and clinical application]. Biomed.Tech.(Berl) 46 (10):280-286, 2001.
24. B. K. Puri, T. Easton, I. Das, L. Kidane, and A. J. Richardson. The niacin skin flush test in schizophrenia: a replication study. Int J Clin Pract 55 (6):368-370, 2001.
25. E. Antunes, W. M. Gordo, J. F. de Oliveira, C. E. Teixeira, S. Hyslop, and G. De Nucci. The relaxation of isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum by the herbal medicine Catuama and its constituents. Phytother.Res 15 (5):416-421, 2001.
26. The Complete German E Commission Monographs. American Botanical Council, Austin, TX 1998 p.197
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